Violent conflict amongst armed factions in Upper Nile and Greater Fangak – located in the north of South Sudan – has led to deaths and serious injuries of hundreds of people, and displaced tens of thousands from their homes during the past two months. Catastrophic flooding and impeded access for humanitarian organisations to deliver essential and life-saving aid has made the situation even more dire.

Initial fighting began in Panyikang and Fangak Counties in July but escalated into heavy conflict by mid-August. In September, armed groups intentionally targeted a makeshift displacement camp in Adidhiang, where mostly women and young children had sought refuge. Numerous people were killed in the attack and many more drowned in the floodwaters as they tried to escape. Recent clashes in Diel and Fashoda County have resulted in thousands more freshly displaced people. Some who fled said that they spent up to a week walking through swamps – often carrying elderly people and small children on improvised rafts of plastic sheeting – to arrive at various displacement camps.

The Protection of Civilians (PoC) site in Malakal is being inundated with new arrivals, with more than 18,000 people seeking safety in the camp. Prior to this, the PoC already hosted around 34,000, and the sudden surge of people is pushing services to the brink. The hospital that MSF runs in the PoC has seen a sharp increase in emergency room consultations, including victims of violence.

Another 25,000 people have fled south to Old Fangak. So far, the MSF hospital in Old Fangak has received 71 wounded patients, some arriving with infections, after it took up to a week to reach the hospital due to the insecurity and flooding. However, medical emergencies need to be referred to Malakal where there is surgical capacity. During the rainy season, this often requires transporting patients along the White Nile River – as flooding prevents planes from being able to land in Old Fangak – but insecurity along the Nile is now making this impossible.

The whole area north of Jonglei and Panyikang is completely flooded. As civilians leave their homes in search of safety, the small portions of dry land are becoming overcrowded, creating an even more precarious and vulnerable situation. Many are suffering from malaria, upper respiratory tract infections, and diarrhoea, which are rampant as a result of all the floodwater and lack of adequate shelter for the people displaced.