A cholera outbreak, initially declared in Renk, Upper Nile State, South Sudan on October 28, 2024, has rapidly spread to other parts of the country over a month. The outbreak, originating at a major entry point for refugees and returnees from Sudan, has reached Malakal in the same state, Bentiu in Unity State, and the capital, Juba.

In Malakal, the first cholera case was reported on November 5th. By November 27th, 600 cholera patients had received treatment, with more than 550 of these patients treated at Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) facilities. MSF's response in Malakal centers around a cholera treatment centre (CTC) with capacity for 100 beds established at the Assosa public health center, approximately eight kilometres from the town. This facility provides vital medical care to those afflicted with the disease.

Beyond direct treatment, MSF teams are actively engaged in health promotion initiatives, aiming to educate the population about cholera prevention and transmission. Contact tracing is also underway to identify and isolate potential cases.