This diagram shows how infectious diseases and malnutrition exist within a “vicious cycle”. The lowered immunity brought about by malnutrition makes people more vulnerable to disease, while the higher energy requirements and reduced appetite associated with many infectious diseases increase the risk of malnutrition.
There are many external factors that can mean adequate nutritious food is either unavailable or inaccessible; for simplicity, this diagram includes only three of the most common – the climate emergency, armed conflict, and rising prices. However, as the diagram makes clear, a lack of access to healthcare is also an important contributing factor in this cycle, as preventative care such as vaccinations; advice and support about health and hygiene; and timely medical treatment before symptoms become severe; can all reduce the risks from infectious diseases.