Emergency teams in Kenya have been responding to a growing Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) surge in Kenya’s arid northern counties of Wajir and Marsabit regions where the disease is endemic due to ideal conditions for the sandfly vector, Phlebotomus martini. Kala azar is a neglected tropical disease, whose timely treatment is hindered by cost of treatment, poor diagnosis and management, and few skilled healthcare workers with absence of vector control measures. There is also low awareness within the population of the causes, transmission, treatment and prevention of this deadly disease. Recent surges in Marsabit and Wajir have overwhelmed local health systems that are already under-resourced, with limited infrastructure and trained personnel. MSF is urging increased attention and support to strengthen the response and prevention of this neglected tropical disease.