Diphtheria is a deadly bacterial infection that mainly affects the nose and throat, and sometimes the skin. Even with proper treatment, diphtheria has a case-fatality rate of 5 - 10%. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been responding to diphtheria in the states of Borno, Kano, and Bauchi in Nigeria. Dr. Nnamdi Nweke outlines how individuals can safeguard themselves from infection and highlights the steps involved in treatment in case of infection.