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In 2025, in South Sudan, MSF suffered eight targeted attacks, forcing the closure of two hospitals and the suspension of its medical activities in Upper Nile, Jonglei and Central Equatoria. As a result, hundreds of thousands of people were deprived of care.

The intensification of fighting between government and opposition forces marks the worst escalation since the signing of a peace agreement in 2018. According to the UN, since January, new waves of violence have displaced over 320,000 people in 2025, and 2,000 have been killed.
Despite being protected by international humanitarian law, health facilities are being attacked by all parties to the conflict.
In September 2024, MSF suspended all its mobile prevention activities in Yei following an attack by masked men on two of the organization’s vehicles and the kidnapping of two staff members. At the time, this was already the third incident in three months against humanitarian organizations in the vicinity of Yei, near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo.

A few months later, in January 2025, two boats clearly identified as belonging to MSF, traveling from Nasir to Ulang in Upper Nile State, were attacked by armed men who opened fire, injuring one member of the organization's staff.